Hemp Processing, Spinning and Some Elements of Weaving in the First Half of the 20th с. (On the Example of a Sub-dialect of Podgornoe Village in Voronezh Region)

The article tells about hemp processing, spinning and weaving that existed in the village of Podgorny, Voronezh Region, in the first half of the 20th century. They were important components of traditional folk culture. The article analyses the speech of the older age group representatives and the actions of people during the cultivation and processing of hemp, from cultivation to production of clothes and various household items from mature plants. The paper describes vocabulary, which reflects the following stages: planting, reaping, sheaving, drying, soaking, crushing, scratching, spinning, weaving, bleaching hemp fabric, etc. The paper discusses some of the elements of a hand spinning wheel, indicates its role in the household of rural residents. The meaning of fixed dialectal lexical units is determined by the Small Academic Dictionary, the Dictionary of Russian Folk Dialects and the Dictionary of Voronezh dialects. The paper indicates the territories of distribution of these lexemes in the dialects of other regions as well. In the 21st century weaving at home is no longer carried out and hemp material is produced on an industrial scale. Home spinning ceases to be necessary and gradually becomes a thing of the past. The study complements the existing regional scientific works with language material, new information and contributes to the study of Voronezh dialects.